Beneath the towering Golden Gate Bridge lies a hidden gem of San Francisco history – Fort Point National Historic Site. This Civil War-era masonry fortress once stood as the key defender of the San Francisco Bay, a prime example of the U.S. Army’s most sophisticated coastal fortifications in the 1800s.
In This Article
Key Points
- Fort Point is a historic Civil War-era coastal defense fortification located beneath the Golden Gate Bridge
- It was built in the 1850s-1860s as part of the Third System of coastal defenses to protect San Francisco Bay
- Today, Fort Point is a National Historic Site offering tours, military history, and stunning views of the Golden Gate
History and Architecture
Construction on Fort Point began in 1853 as part of a defensive strategy to fortify the entrance to San Francisco Bay. It was built as a “Third System” fortification, a network of forts designed after the War of 1812 to protect major U.S. ports.
The fort is designed in the shape of an irregular pentagon, similar to Fort Sumter in South Carolina. The walls are seven feet thick and rise 45 feet high, enclosing a central courtyard. Distinctive features include the arched casemates for cannons and the elegant brick masonry.
Though considered impenetrable, Fort Point was nearly obsolete upon completion in 1861 due to advancements in artillery. It remained armed during the Civil War but never saw battle.
Preserving a Landmark
After being abandoned in 1914, Fort Point faced demolition multiple times in the 20th century – first to make way for a new coastal battery, and later during construction of the Golden Gate Bridge.
Preservation efforts saved the fort and it was declared a National Historic Site in 1970. Today, it is managed by the National Park Service as part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.
Visitors can explore the fort’s three tiers of casemates, stand atop the barbette tier for panoramic views of the Golden Gate, and learn about the lives of the soldiers once stationed here. Living history reenactments and cannon drills help bring the fort’s military past to life.
Coastal Defense and the Presidio
Fort Point was just one part of a larger network of seacoast fortifications protecting San Francisco Bay. These included the Presidio, a former Spanish and Mexican military post, as well as Alcatraz Island.
In the late 1800s, new concrete gun batteries were constructed on both sides of the Golden Gate to modernize the harbor defenses. Many of these batteries can still be seen today at the Presidio and Marin Headlands.
Fort Point’s strategic location made it an active U.S. Army post for nearly 150 years, through the Civil War, Spanish-American War, World War I and II. It remained part of the Presidio of San Francisco until 1994.
Visiting Fort Point
For visitors and locals alike, Fort Point offers a fascinating glimpse into San Francisco’s layered history. It has been described as a “must-see” stop along the famous 49-Mile Scenic Drive.
The fort is open Fridays through Sundays with free admission. Guided tours are available, detailing the building’s unique architecture and its role in the growth of San Francisco.
The area surrounding Fort Point is also a popular spot for surfers and photographers. The fort’s position directly under the massive steel beams of the Golden Gate Bridge makes for a striking and iconic visual.
Whether you have an interest in military history, a love of unique architecture, or simply want to soak in the stunning views of the bay and bridge, Fort Point has something to offer as a true San Francisco landmark.
FAQ
What are Fort Point’s hours and admission?
Fort Point is open Fridays through Sundays from 10am to 5pm. Admission is free. The fort may be closed on certain holidays.
Is Fort Point accessible?
The ground floor of Fort Point is wheelchair accessible, including the theater. The upper floors are only accessible by stairs.
What activities are available at Fort Point?
Visitors can explore the fort on self-guided or guided tours. Demonstrations of cannon drills and other period military reenactments are held regularly. An introductory film is shown in the theater.
How do I get to Fort Point?
Fort Point is located at the south anchorage of the Golden Gate Bridge at Long Avenue and Marine Drive. Limited parking is available. Public transit via MUNI is also an option.
What other attractions are nearby?
Fort Point is located within the Presidio of San Francisco, which offers hiking trails, beaches, historic sites and museums. Crissy Field and the Golden Gate Bridge are also adjacent to the fort.
